LONDON (TIP): There could be many more habitable planets in the universe than previously thought, suggest new computer models. It is believed that for water to exist in its life-giving liquid form, a planet had to be at the right distance from its sun – in the habitable zone. But a new model allows scientists to identify planets with underground water kept liquid by planetary heat, the BBC reported.

“It’s the idea of a range of distances from a star within which the surface of an Earth-like planet is not too hot or too cold for water to be liquid,” explained Sean McMahon, the PhD student from Aberdeen University who is carrying out the work. “So traditionally people have said that if a planet is in this Goldilocks zone – not too hot and not too cold – then it can have liquid water on its surface and be a habitable planet,” he stated. But researchers are starting to think that the Goldilocks theory is far too simple.

Planets can receive two sources of heat – heat direct from the star and heat generated deep inside the planet. As you descend through the crust of the Earth, the temperature gets higher and higher. Even when the surface is frozen, water can exist below ground. Prof John Parnell, also from Aberdeen University, who is leading the study, noted: “There is a significant habitat for microorganisms below the surface of the Earth, extending down several kilometres. And some workers believe that the bulk of life on Earth could even reside in this deep biosphere.”

So the Aberdeen team are developing models to predict which far-flung planets might harbour underground reservoirs of liquid water with the possibility of alien life. Explaining their rationale, McMahon said: “If you take into account the possibility of deep biospheres, then you have a problem reconciling that with the idea of a narrow habitable zone defined only by conditions at the surface.” As you move away from the star the amount of heat a planet receives from the star decreases and the surface water freezes – but any water held deep inside will stay liquid if the internal heat is high enough – and that water could support life. Even a planet so far from the star that it receives almost no solar heat could still maintain underground liquid water. So McMahon suggested, “There will be several times more [habitable] planets”.