The Indian Panorama

Tag: Al Jazeera

  • The decline of America’s leadership

    The decline of America’s leadership

    Washington is failing to use its leverage in the international environment

    “Actions speak louder than values, and Washington is failing to leverage its standing in the international environment, thereby empowering polarization politically, economically and culturally. The U.S. withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership that emphasized human rights, transparency and liberal democracy, and also from many other international obligations. While it sought international dominance, domestic polarization induced ideological separation, rendering cooperation in its two-party system non-existent.”

    By Krishnan Srinivasan

    The traditional strengths of America are its values platform, its military power, its pivotal position in the global financial system, and as a technology pioneer. The energetic pro-American lobby in India advocates ever-closer engagement with the United States, rejecting arguments about its diminishing influence.

    This is contradicted by authoritative commentators such as Ian Bremmer (“The US is already the world’s most divided and dysfunctional advanced industrial democracy”), Laura Kuenssberg (“Western leaders in 2024 [are] grappling with a world where other dominant countries are less attached to conventional international rules”) and Andrew Whitehead (“America’s democracy seems to have lost the ability to renew itself”) with former U.S. President Donald Trump and current President Joe Biden in the race for a second presidential term.

    These experts are supported by Jonathan Freedland (“Not for nothing is there serious concern in the US that January 2025 could open a new chapter of US authoritarianism, even an American dictatorship), Frank Gardner (“The past 12 months have seen a number of setbacks for the US, Europe and other major democracies on the international politics stage…they point to a shifting balance of power away from the US-dominated, Western values that have held sway for years. On many fronts, the wind is blowing in the wrong direction for Western interests”) and Niall Ferguson (“The harsh reality is that the US is no longer very good at getting B to do something that B would not otherwise do”) which is more than evident in Israel’s Gaza war. Ferguson adds that in purchasing power parity, China, in 2023, had an economy that was a fifth larger than that of the U.S. To him American problems were illegal immigration and deficits in the rule of law, secondary education, public health, new technologies, and the national debt rising to $32 trillion.

    After the Second World War, the U.S. shaped the rules-based international system. A rules-based order is an abstract concept; in practice it was neither centered on rules nor was it entirely global. It was a power-based system established by the U.S. and its allies, and Washington considered itself exempt from its norms, particularly those prohibiting interference in the internal affairs of other countries. The American wars in Afghanistan and Iraq dissipated America’s credibility due to its emphasis on military expeditionist, evidenced by about 750 military bases in 80 countries, though Al Jazeera says the number “may be even higher as not all data is published by the Pentagon”.

    Actions speak louder than values, and Washington is failing to leverage its standing in the international environment, thereby empowering polarization politically, economically and culturally. The U.S. withdrew from the Trans-Pacific Partnership that emphasized human rights, transparency and liberal democracy, and also from many other international obligations. While it sought international dominance, domestic polarization induced ideological separation, rendering cooperation in its two-party system non-existent.

    In the West and parts of Asia, open liberalism and globalization made links of community, family and society brittle, with many feeling excluded from economic progress. Individual freedom was juxtaposed against state, society and law, and the movements of people have resulted in a backlash against immigration, feeding populist movements. The exercise of power is insufficient to be a dominant geopolitical player; legitimacy is also necessary. The most powerful leaders still crave legitimacy both at home and abroad.

    There is now a shift in power equations, with challenges to the legitimacy of institutions and leaderships. Mr. Trump and his supporters openly question the validity of the U.S.’s electoral system. American soft power, such as its entertainment industry, which is non-government and unregulated, balances some negativity, as do enduring alliances in Southeast Asia and Europe, though U.S. complicity with Israel’s violence against Palestinians has scrambled all its pre-existing policies in West Asia.

    The leaders of China and Russia are determined to maintain their authoritarian regimes and seek to reshape the international system, using trade, pressure and diasporic ties to obstruct the spread of western democratic values that have held sway for decades. In parts of Asia and Africa, western liberalism is often interpreted at worst as a smoke screen for neo-imperialism, and at best as an insensitive expression of American and European arrogance. And although there is no chance of dethroning the international financial settlement infrastructure soon, BRICS’ policies seem to herald a contest between local currencies and the dollar because the risks in the current dollar-centric system are unacceptably high.

    U.S.-China security and economic competition is the central issue in the world today, and will be potentially dangerous in the years to come. China campaigns to project power with traditional and non-traditional techniques, such as the Confucius Institutes, TikTok and gaming. Its prowess in high technology and geo-engineering inspire admiration, along with its programme of overseas infrastructure financing unmatched by any other country. Due to internal dissonance, the U.S. has failed to assume leadership in Artificial Intelligence when compared to China and the European Union, which are setting the standards.

    Whether or not the U.S. remains “the indispensable nation”, as former U.S. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright termed it, India should develop an advantageous relationship with America while keeping in mind its deficiencies.

    (The author is a former Foreign Secretary of India)

  • India is the only G20 country that fulfilled all the promises on climate change, says PM Modi

    India is the only G20 country that fulfilled all the promises on climate change, says PM Modi

    WASHINGTON, D.C. (TIP): India is the only G20 country that has fulfilled all the promises it made in Paris on climate change, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said on Thursday, asserting that India will not only fulfil its responsibilities but will also help others including the US in this critical area.
    The Prime Minister was referring to obligations under the 2015 Paris Agreement.
    As far as India is concerned, the environment, and climate, are extremely important in our cultural traditions for us. The environment is an article of faith. This is not just something that we need to do for convenience. We believe this. We do not believe in the exploitation of nature., Modi said in response to a question by PTI at a joint news conference with President Joe Biden in the East Room of the White House.
    In order for all of creation to work, we can make nature — we cannot have exploitation of nature and we have always believed this,” he said.
    And on the basis of these values, India is not only doing things for itself but is taking some global initiatives as well, he said.
    You perhaps know that of the G20 countries, the promises they made in Paris, of all the G20 countries, India is the only country that has fulfilled all the promises it made at the G20. Not just that, in the area of solar energy in Glasgow, we have set ourselves a target to achieve 500GW of renewable energy by 2030, Modi said. India has set itself the target to make Indian Railways net zero.
    And you must understand the scale of Indian Railways. When we talk about Indian Railways, it means that every day the entire population of Australia travels in wagons on our trains. And we have set ourselves the target to achieve net zero for our railways,” Prime Minister Modi said.
    “We have also set ourselves targets for solar energy for ethanol, a 10 per cent mix of ethanol. We have completed this target before the set date, the prime minister asserted.
    India is also working in the area of green hydrogen, he said.
    We want India to be a green hydrogen hub and we are working towards this. International Solar Alliance has been launched by India and many countries have joined it and are working with India, he said.
    We will not only fulfil our responsibilities, but we will also help you in the area of climate change There is a lot of destruction of infrastructure as well and therefore because of climate change, the kind of crisis we are feeling we need to develop infrastructure that is resilient, he said.
    President Biden said climate change is an existential threat to humanity.
    It’s the most serious problem we face as human beings. We have to keep it below 1.5 degrees Celsius. We’ve made enormous progress here in the United States in dealing with this issue by doing three things. Number one, by insisting that we move every one of our industries into a position where they can take advantage of cheaper and more extensive and more available renewable energy, he said.
    Whether it’s solar or wind or hydrogen or green hydrogen. There’s a whole range of things we’ve been working on. In addition to that, we find ourselves in a position where what we’ve done is that we have significantly reduced for example, I made a commitment that we are going to make sure that by 2030, 30 per cent of all our land and sea and oceans, were in conservation, could not be developed, he said. The US is well on its way to doing that and that’s also absorbing carbon from the air as a consequence of that because of conservation, Biden said.
    “We are in a position…we have provided for a significant increase in funding for a whole range of issues, not just for the United States but for the rest of the world, said the president.
    We’re trying to work with other countries to maintain their carbon sinks so they don’t have to develop them like we did and causing pollution. And we’re trying to figure out how to work out to pay them not to develop certain areas like the Amazon and Brazil. But there’s a lot of technology that’s available that we’re sharing and we share with one another, he said.
    We’ve learned how to make solar energy, which is considerably cheaper than fossil fuels. The same way dealing with not just solar but dealing with wind. So, there’s a lot of technology that we’ve developed and we’re well on our way to meeting the commitment we made in Paris, Biden said.
    (Source: PTI)