The Indian Panorama

Month: November 2018

  • Sardar, Nehru and British duplicity

    Sardar, Nehru and British duplicity

    By Vappala Balachandran

    Menon had said that the Political Department, instead of following Viceroy’s scheme of persuading the princes to accede, was secretly warning them of “the loss the rulers would suffer if they were to federate”.

    There was something totally inappropriate about the idea of elevating a modest man like Sardar Patel to a Colossus of Hellenistic times. The Rhodians who built the statue for Sun God Helios, used to fling into the sea four horses and a chariot “for his use” every year.  Left to himself, it is doubtful whether Patel would ever have liked his grand statue against the protests of 22 villages when throughout his life he cared more for them than tall statues or glittering public rallies.

    That leads to a conclusion that the idea was to appropriate Patel into the BJP- Narendra Modi pantheon which Rajmohan Gandhi, the celebrated biographer of Patel, had rejected in 2013. He said, “The country’s first home minister would not have recognized Mr. Modi as his ideological heir and been very ‘pained’ with his behavior towards Muslims”. He said that Patel was a great “team builder” and “other people were prominent in his daily life”. On October 31, 2018, LK Advani who was the central figure during the foundation stone ceremony in 2013, was conspicuously absent.

    That Patel and the BJP could not have coexisted will be evident if we read Patel’s speech of February 27, 1947 on minority protection while accepting the chairmanship of the Advisory Committee to the Constituent Assembly on fundamental rights. His frank speech on August 11, 1947 at a public meeting why the Congress accepted Partition needs to be quoted verbatim:  “I would make no efforts to explain away the responsibility of the Congress for dividing the country. We took these extreme steps after great deliberation. In spite of my previous strong opposition to Partition, I agreed to it because I felt convinced that in order to keep India united, it must be divided now.”

    PM Modi in his Op-Ed piece on October 31 had quoted VP Menon on how Patel led “from the front” the integration of 550 Indian States. May I point out that this was just one problem that the Congress leadership had faced during the process of independence. More serious was the pernicious plotting by some elements in the Viceroy’s administration to leave India in tatters. This would be clear if we read VP Menon’s another landmark book “The Transfer of Power in India” (1957) and Mountbatten’s frank memoirs published in 1949 which has received scant attention in India.

    Menon was associated with constitutional developments since 1917. From 1942 till August 1947, he was Constitutional Adviser to the Viceroy. Mountbatten, who took over as Viceroy on March 22, 1947, had frankly admitted that his predecessor, Lord Wavell, had made secret plans of quick British withdrawal from India in 1946 with the anticipated chaos following the rejection of the Cabinet Mission’s plan “affecting the loyalty of the Indian Army”. If that had happened, it would have left a serious administrative vacuum in India since the superstructure was still with British civil and military officers although the “Interim Government” (Governor-General’s Executive Council) under Jawaharlal Nehru as Vice-President with Sardar Patel as Home Member had taken charge on September 2, 1946. The Constituent Assembly had first met from December 9, 1946.

    During this period, Menon was the link between the Viceroy and Congress leadership, including Nehru and Patel, and at times even Gandhiji, and he kept them informed of some secret planning by a coterie of British officers in the Political Department.

    The deliberate British mischief in our nation-building had started earlier. The 1935 Government of India Act on a “Federation” with three categories of constituents would have left the future Central government out of control of the Indian nation. While the British Indian provinces and Chief Commissioners’ Provinces would accede to India, the 562 Princely States would be entitled to decide their own accession.

    Menon had said that the Political Department, instead of following Viceroy’s scheme of persuading the princes to accede, was secretly warning them of “the loss the rulers would suffer if they were to federate”. He said that such scheming princes were rudely jolted when Nehru declared, while addressing the annual session of the All-India States People’s Conference on April 18, 1947 that “any state which did not come into the Constituent assembly would be treated by the country as a hostile state”.

    The British tried to stifle the process of nation-building even later. Their declaration to the Cripps Mission in 1942 gave the right to even British provinces to accede or not accede to the Union or to form a separate Union or Unions. Menon said, “This was really the death blow to Indian unity”. This trend continued even during Mountbatten Viceroyship. Mountbatten records one such difficult meeting on June 13, 1947 to discuss the “paramountcy” after the transfer of power and its effect princely states: “Pandit Nehru also attacked Sir Conrad Corfield, the political adviser, to his face and said that he ought to be tried for misfeasance”.

    In June 1947, Patel asked Menon to take charge of the States Department. In fact, it was Mountbatten who had created the department. He says: “Mr. V.P. Menon, my Reforms Commissioner was, much to my delight, appointed Secretary”. Pakistan’s nominee Ikramullah was appointed as Joint Secretary. From then on till August 15, 1947, all negotiations with the princes were under the leadership of Mountbatten who says the idea of accession of Indian states on three subjects (Defence, External Affairs and Communications) was Menon’s idea to get as many accessions as quickly before the transfer of power on August 15, 1947.

    Our independence was won under the leadership of Gandhiji with all top leaders like Nehru, Sardar Patel, Maulana Azad,  Rajendra Prasad, Jagjivan Ram and others assuming equally important roles. Our nation-building was done after August 15, 1947 with the participation of several non-Congress leaders like Dr Ambedkar, Dr SP Mukherjee, Dr John Mathai and others. They all had their differences but were united on the task of nation-building. It will be highly facile for a new BJP pantheon to claim in 2018 that only Sardar Patel was responsible for our nation-building.

    (The author is Ex-Special Secretary, Cabinet Secretariat. He is author of  ‘A Life in Shadow: The Secret Story of ACN Nambiar’)

  • Democrats most likely to wrest the House while Republicans retain the Senate

    Democrats most likely to wrest the House while Republicans retain the Senate

    By Ven Parmeswaran

    4 days before the midterms, the veteran of US politics hazards  a guess about the  Nov 6 elections. Keenly aware of the “anything can happen” syndrome , he makes a prediction, albeit hesitatingly, that Democrats are likely to wrest the House while Republicans may continue to have a superiority in the Senate. Well, we will know the outcome in the next 4 days.- EDITOR  

    It has been customary for the opponent of President’s party to win in the midterm elections.  As of today, almost all polls are predicting that the Democrats are favored to take back the House from the Republicans.   It must be pointed out that nobody predicted in 2016 that the most popular candidate, Hillary Clinton would be defeated by a newcomer Donald Trump. All predictions by all pollsters, pundits and the mass media were 100% wrong.  Therefore, it is safe to conclude that it is impossible to predict President Trump, who is the leader of the Republican Party.   He is one of the most important factors for the midterm election.  What he says and does have an impact, good or bad.

    Usually the polls keep on tightening as the voting day approaches.  It happens fast and more within a week before the election.  In 2016, the polls were tightening and changing every day in favor of Trump in the battleground states of PA, WI, OH, MI, MN, IW.  The media refused to take this into  account and publicize.  If the media is not honest, people suffer.  There is a  reason why President Trump calls  it ‘fake media’.

    IMMIGRATION was an important factor for the 2016 Presidential election.  President Trump capitalized on this issue.  Because of his aggressive stand against illegal immigration and measures he is recommending to stop illegal immigration, polls show that more Independents and some Democrats are supporting President Trump.

    President Trump’s decision to use military to defend the open border is gaining support of the voters.

    ECONOMY:  We had 4.2% GDP growth in the 2ndquarter and 3.5% in the third quarter.  We are enjoying the lowest unemployment of 3.7%.  Unemployment amongst all the minorities, especially the Blacks is the lowest historically speaking.  The wages and profits have been gaining.   America first policy seems to be benefiting the USA in trade, jobs, manufacturing and even in foreign policy.  President Trump’s economy has 70% approval.

    PRESIDENTIAL APPROVAL:  President Trump’s approval is much higher than when he got elected.  Now he has 47% approval, much higher than that of Obama or Bush during the same time of their presidencies.  This should reflect on the polls.  90% of the Republicans support Trump now.  This is also much higher than the figure in 2016.  The Republicans, some Democrats, and many Independents have also been positively impacted by Trump’s appointment of two Supreme Court Judges.

    The Whites are still the majority.  Majority of the Whites support the GOP.  Majority of women support the Republicans. Majority of college educated women support the Democrats.  But there are more non-college educated voters than the college educated.

    The new voters under 20 are likely to vote for the Democrats.  Majority of the minority voters will be voting for the Democrats.

    HEALTHCARE: The Democrats have made this an issue and it is helping them in the polls.

    It is difficult to predict what happens between now and November 6.  The dynamics of news cycles, President Trump’s rallies, last minute surprises (domestic and international) all could contribute to tightening the polls till the last minute.    If the turn out is larger than normal for midterm elections, it should help the Democrats to  easily gain 23 seats in the Congress and take back the House from the Republicans.   The GOP is more likely to retain its majority in the U.S. Senate and may even add a seat or two.

    (The author is Chairman, Asian American Republican Committee (founded 1988) is from Scarsdale, N.Y.)

     

     

     

  • A divisive statue of unity

    A divisive statue of unity

    Giving Patel his due to appropriate him for political ends

    Nearly seven decades after he passed away, the ‘Iron Man’ of India has received a tribute befitting his status as the unifier of India. The statue of unity is as imposing as the man who ignored advancing age to first battle the British and then set about the exhausting task of cajoling and persuading princely states to accede to the Union of India. A politician from the conservative streak, there was considerable ideological sparring with the progressive lot, right from 1936 when Nehru endorsed socialism as the guiding light of the yet-to-be-born free India.

    Patel-Nehru ideological differences have always encouraged the Hindu right wing to appropriate selectively; opting to pick his post-Independence legacy while overlooking his enormous contribution to the freedom struggle. This spawned a partly-correct narrative about the neglect of Patel’s legacy by the Nehru-Gandhi clan. Patel’s children were given Congress tickets for both Houses of Parliament, but Indira Gandhi was not enamored of either the man or his kin. Narasimha Rao’s conferment of Bharat Ratna was in fact an effort to draw a line with the Gandhi school of keeping his memory at a stand-off distance.

    The Congress’ reaction to the whittling of icons in its neglected gallery of greats is understandable. The other purpose behind the BJP’s highly embellished commemoration of his memory is to show the Nehru-Gandhi as overtly occupied with the promotion of its clan to the studied exclusion of other freedom fighters-cum-nation builders. The BJP, however, may be disinclined to dive deep into Patel’s thought process, for he was an unwavering follower of Gandhi, had no love lost for the RSS and was averse to Subhas Chandra Bose, another icon in the process of appropriation by the BJP. Patel’s homily to the RSS would have particularly hurt: ‘To say one thing and to do another is a game which will not do’. BJP’s fragmented assimilation of Patel may or may not bring electoral dividends to the BJP, but a united India could not have done without both Nehru and Patel.

    (Tribune, India)

  • US to allow 8 countries to continue buying Iran oil after sanctions on Nov 5: Pompeo

    US to allow 8 countries to continue buying Iran oil after sanctions on Nov 5: Pompeo

    India may be one of the countries to get exemption

    WASHINGTON(TIP): The US has agreed to temporarily allow eight countries to continue buying Iranian oil after it re-imposes crippling sanctions on Tehran on November 5, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said on Friday, citing “significant reductions” in imports of oil from the Persian Gulf nation.

    India is one of the countries expected to get the exemptions. But senior administration officials refused to spell out the names on Friday.

    The list of these exemptions would be announced on Monday, November 5,  Pompeo told reporters during a  conference call on Iranian sanctions, with US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin.

    While the US had previously wanted countries including India to completely halt oil purchases from Iran by November 4 when its full sanctions against Tehran come into force, it seems to have relented considering the havoc the move to completely take out Iranian supplies from the market would have had on prices.

    Pompeo said that countries like India, if it gets the exemption, would be asked to bring down their oil imports from Iran to zero in six months’ time.

    Negotiations are still ongoing, he said explaining the reasons for not revealing the names of the countries that are expected to get exemptions from the US from this latest and so far the toughest American sanctions on Iran.

    “We expect to issue some temporary allotments to eight jurisdictions, but only because they have demonstrated significant reductions in their crude oil and cooperation on many other fronts and have made important moves towards getting to zero crude oil importation. These negotiations are still ongoing. Two of the jurisdictions will completely end imports as part of their agreements. The other six will import at greatly reduced levels,” Pompeo said.

    These economic sanctions are just a part of the US government’s total effort to change the behavior of the Iranian regime, he said.

    “On November 5th, the United States will re-impose sanctions that were lifted as part of the nuclear deal on Iran’s energy, shipbuilding, shipping and banking sectors. These sanctions hit at core areas of Iran’s economy. They are necessary to spur changes we seek on the part of the regime,” he said.

    “In order to maximize the effect of the president’s pressure campaign, we have worked closely with other countries to cut off Iranian oil exports as much as possible,” Pompeo said.

    The expected list of exemptions to eight jurisdictions, that too temporary, is far less than the 20 countries, including India, which were exempted from Iranian sanctions during the previous Obama administration, he said.

    “We will have issued, if our negotiations are completed, eight and have made it clear that they are temporary,” he said.

    “Not only did we decide to grant many fewer exemptions, but we demanded much more serious concessions from these jurisdictions before agreeing to allow them to temporarily continue to import Iranian crude oil. These concessions are critical to ensure that we increase our maximum pressure campaign and accelerate towards zero,” Pompeo said.

    As a result of the latest sanctions, he said the US expects to have reduced Iranian crude oil exports by more than 1 million barrels even before these sanctions go into effect. “This massive reduction since May of last year is three to five times more than what many analysts were projecting when President Trump announced our withdrawal from the deal back in May,” he said.

    “Starting today, Iran will have zero oil revenue to spend on any of these things. Let me say that again: Zero. 100 percent of the revenue that Iran receives from the sale of crude oil will be held in foreign accounts and can be used by Iran only for humanitarian trade or bilateral trade in non-sanctioned goods and services,” he said.

    Pompeo said the latest US sanctions are targeted at the regime, not the people of Iran who have suffered grievously under this regime.

    “It’s why we have and will maintain many humanitarian exemptions to our sanctions, including food, agriculture commodities, medicine and medical devices,” he said.

    India, which is the second biggest purchaser of Iranian oil after China, is willing to restrict its monthly purchase to 1.25 million tons or 15 million tons in a year (300,000 barrels per day), down from 22.6 million tons (452,000 barrels per day) bought in 2017-18 financial year, sources in New Delhi said.

    The US will also demand the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) global financial network stop supporting Iranian banks as part of enforcing sanctions over Tehran’s nuclear program and alleged support for terrorism.

    In May, President Donald Trump pulled the US out of the 2015 landmark Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) terming it “disastrous”. Under the Obama-era deal, involving five permanent members of the UN Security Council and Germany, Iran agreed to stop its nuclear program in exchange for relief from economic sanctions.

    After the US’ withdrawal from the deal, Trump signed fresh sanctions against Iran and warned countries against any cooperation with Tehran over its controversial nuclear weapons program.

    Iran has dismissed these charges and maintains that its nuclear program is for peaceful purposes.

    (Source: PTI)

  • India to be among 3 largest economies in coming years: Jaitley

    India to be among 3 largest economies in coming years: Jaitley

    NEW DELHI(TIP): Finance Minister Arun Jaitley said on Friday, November 2,  India would become the world’s fifth largest economy in 2019 and among the top three in the coming years.

    Speaking at the ‘Support and Outreach Initiative for the MSME sector’ event here, the minister said since Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government took over about four years ago, India has moved from the ninth to sixth position in the global economic landscape.

    “Next year, India will become the fifth largest economy,” he said, adding he hoped that the country would be among the top three economies of the world in the next few years.

    India emerged as the world’s sixth largest economy in 2017, surpassing France, and is likely to go past the United Kingdom, which is at the fifth position, according to an analysis of data compiled by the World Bank.

    In 2017, India became the sixth largest economy with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of $2.59 trillion, relegating France to the seventh position.

    The United Kingdom, which is facing Brexit blues, had a GDP of $2.62 trillion, which is about $25 billion more than that of India, the data showed.

    The US is the world’s largest economy with a size of $19.39 trillion, followed by China ($12.23 trillion). Japan ($4.87 trillion) and Germany (USD 3.67 trillion) are at the third and fourth places, respectively.

    Referring to India’s significant jump in the World Bank’s ease of doing business index, Jaitley said it has improved 65 notches to the 77th position during the four years of the NDA government.

    He said the Prime Minister has set a target of taking India among the top 50 nations in the World Bank’s ease of doing business ranking.

    “We are very near the target,” Jaitley said, as he criticized the Congress-led UPA government for “policy paralysis” and “corruption”, which discouraged domestic as well as foreign investors.

    He said during the last five years of the UPA government, inflation averaged around 10.4 per cent, whereas all economic parameters are now stable.

    Jaitley further said that Aadhaar, which was criticized by the Opposition, has actually helped the government in saving Rs 90,000 crore annually, which is enough to fund four schemes like Ayushman Bharat.

    The minister also said the MSME sector has benefited from implementation of GST, under which taxes were reduced on 334 items in the first year of its rollout.

    (Source: PTI)

  • Heather Nauert is Trump’s top choice to succeed Nikki Haley as UN ambassador

    Heather Nauert is Trump’s top choice to succeed Nikki Haley as UN ambassador

    WASHINGTON(TIP): President Donald Trump has told advisers that Heather Nauert, the State Department spokeswoman, is his leading choice to become US ambassador to the United Nations and he could offer the post as soon as this week, according to a CNN report

    If named Nauert, who met with Trump Monday, October 29,  would leave her role at the State Department to take over from Nikki Haley, who surprised White House officials last month when she announced her decision to step down at the end of the year.

    People close to the President cautioned that his pick is not final until it is formally announced. The White House declined to comment on the matter. Nauert has been keeping a low profile this week after meeting with Trump on Monday. Two of her daily briefings have been conducted by her deputy.

    Speaking at the White House on Thursday, November 1, Trump confirmed that Nauert is “under very serious consideration” to become the next US ambassador to the UN.

    “She’s excellent. She’s been with us a long time. She’s been a supporter for a long time. And she’s really excellent,” Trump said.

    “We’ll probably make a decision next week,” Trump said in his remarks. “We have a lot of people that want the job and they’re a lot of really great people.”

    Trump has eyed several people to replace Haley, including Ric Grennell, the US ambassador to Germany; Jamie McCourt, the US envoy in Paris; and Kelly Craft, the ambassador in Canada. One person initially considered a leading contender, former deputy national security adviser Dina Powell, withdrew from consideration early in the process. Trump has repeatedly told aides he wanted a woman to fill the role.

    Nauert, who came to government from Fox News, served as State Department spokesman for both Rex Tillerson and Mike Pompeo but has enjoyed a closer relationship with Trump’s second secretary of state than she did Tillerson, who was privately skeptical of her close ties with the West Wing.

    Her elevation to a top diplomatic role underscores the importance Trump has placed on having his top aides also serve as television surrogates. Nauert has briefed regularly from the State Department podium and had a long career in television news before that.

    Still, as a diplomat she lacks experience. Previous holders of the UN ambassador position — including current national security adviser John Bolton — came to the role with years of foreign policy experience. Nauert served briefly as Undersecretary for Public Diplomacy from March until October.

    Nauert would face what could be a contentious confirmation hearing, with Democrats quizzing her on her qualifications for the post.

    Instead, Nauert comes with something perhaps more valuable in the Trump administration: loyalty and a willingness to defend the President. That loyalty has at moments caused friction at the State Department. As Tillerson’s relationship with Trump began to deteriorate in his final months, he privately told allies he thought she was more loyal to the West Wing than the State Department. Chief of staff John Kelly informed Tillerson his time in the top diplomatic post was expected to end while on a multi-country sweep through Africa. Trump later announced his firing on Twitter.

    The UN ambassador role is viewed by some as a launching point for higher-profile positions. Both Bolton and Susan Rice, who served in the post under President Barack Obama, eventually became White House national security advisers.

    The position is based in New York, so is also viewed as having less direct oversight than a high-level post in Washington.

    Nauert’s move to the United Nations would take her out of the running for other roles in the West Wing, which has struggled at times to fill key positions and went without a communications director for months. Nauert was widely seen as the front-runner to replace Sarah Sanders as White House press secretary when she leaves which she is expected to do in the coming months after more than a year in the role, according to multiple officials.

  • Four days before US midterm polls, Trump admits Republicans could lose the House

    Four days before US midterm polls, Trump admits Republicans could lose the House

    WASHINGTON (TIP): At a “Make America Great Again” political rally in Iowa  President Trump said: “It could happen. Could happen. And you know what you do.  My whole life, you know what I say? ‘Don’t worry about it, I’ll just figure it out.’ Does that make sense? I’ll figure it out.”

    It was an uncharacteristic lack of confidence from the usually bombastic leader, but experts have predicted Democrats could win the 24 seats it needs to gain control of the lower house of Congress for the first time since 2010.

    The polling data shows, however, the Senate will still likely be controlled by conservatives.

    This year’s election will break all manner of records in terms of spending as well. According to the Centre for Responsive Politics, approximately $5.2bn will be spent in this year’s midterms.

    In one race alone $93m has been spent to get the Senate seat from Texas. Democrat and current US House Democrat Beto O’Rourke and Republican incumbent Ted Cruz have been trading barbs as poll numbers show a tight race.

    In Georgia, Democratic governor candidate Stacey Abrams looks to make history as the first female African-American governor in the country’s history. Controversy abounds as opponent Republican Brian Kemp is also the Georgia secretary of state who would be in charge of a possible runoff election should neither candidate receives 50 per cent of the vote.

    Barack Obama and Oprah have joined Ms Abrams on the campaign trail and former president Jimmy Carter has even asked Mr Kemp to resign from his current position in light of hiscandidacy.

    In Florida, Andrew Gillum, the current Democratic Mayor of Tallahassee, squares off with Republican Ron DeSantis in an important race for the president as he begins campaigning for his 2020 re-election bid.

    Amid the debates on healthcare policy and taxes, a migrant caravan of approximately 7,000 people still 1,000 miles away from the US-Mexico border has been in the headlines on the campaign trail.

  • November 2 New York & Dallas Print Editions

    November 2 New York & Dallas Print Editions

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