The blood test may help identify new treatments for Huntington’s disease, a genetic brain disorder, which is fatal and currently incurable. Huntington’s disease is an inherited condition in which nerve cells in the brain break down over time. The study showed that measuring the levels of neurofilament — a protein released from damaged brain cells — may help predict the onset of the disease as well as its progression.

“This is the first time a potential blood biomarker has been identified to track Huntington’s disease so strongly,” said Edward Wild from the University College London. The results showed that the patients who were carriers of the genetic mutation of the disease had neurofilament concentrations that were 2.6 times that of the control participants.

Further, the level rose throughout the disease course from premanifest to stage 2 disease, the researchers said. “Neurofilament has the potential to serve as a speedometer in Huntington’s disease, since a single blood test reflects how quickly the brain is changing,” Wild added.

For the study, published in the journal Lancet Neurology, the team measured neurofilament levels in blood samples from 366 volunteers who were followed for three years. In the group who had no symptoms at the start of the study, the level of neurofilament predicted subsequent disease onset, as volunteers with high neurofilament levels in the blood at the start were more likely to develop symptoms in the following three years. Scientists are presently in the process of testing a new generation of socalled ‘gene silencing’ drugs that may put brakes on the disease. “Measuring neurofilament levels could help us figure out whether those brakes are working,” Wild noted.

Huntington’s disease is an incurable, hereditary brain disorder. It is a devastating disease for which there is no currently “effective” treatment. Nerve cells become damaged, causing various parts of the brain to deteriorate. The disease affects movement, behavior and cognition – the affected individuals’ abilities to walk, think, reason and talk are gradually eroded to such a point that they eventually become entirely reliant on other people for their care.

Huntington’s disease has a major emotional, mental, social and economic impact on the lives of patients, as well as their families.